Which State Taxes Capital Gains on Out-of-State Property?

Capital Gains Tax on Property Sold Out of State: What You Actually Owe

Selling out-of-state investment property triggers capital gains tax in at least two jurisdictions simultaneously: the state where the property sits and, potentially, your home state. For high-net-worth sellers, the combined federal and state tax stack can reach 37% or more on a single transaction before any planning. On top of the tax itself, fifteen states intercept part of your sale proceeds at closing through mandatory nonresident withholding, at rates that run from 2% to 10.9%. Understanding exactly how that stack is built, and what gets taken at the closing table, is the starting point for keeping more of the proceeds.

Which State Collects Capital Gains Tax When You Sell Real Estate Out of State

The short answer: both states may have a claim, but they claim different things.

Real property gains are sourced to the state where the property is physically located. That state taxes the gain regardless of where you live. If you are a Florida resident selling a rental property in California, California taxes the gain because the asset is California-sourced income. No residency change, trust structure, or holding entity relocates the source of a real estate gain.

Your home state then layers its own tax on top, but with an important offset. Nearly every state with an income tax allows a resident credit for taxes paid to another state, limited to the lesser of the tax actually paid to the source state or your home state's tax on that same income. The credit prevents true double taxation in most cases, but it never produces a refund of the excess; the full mechanics are walked through below.

The practical result: if your home state's rate is higher than the property state's, you owe the difference at home after the credit. If you live in a no-income-tax state, you owe nothing additional at home, but you still owe the property state's full rate.

Nine states impose no broad-based individual income tax: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. New Hampshire joined the list definitively when its interest and dividends tax was repealed effective January 1, 2025. Washington is a special case: it levies a capital gains excise tax of 7% on net long-term gains above an inflation-indexed standard deduction ($278,000 for 2025), plus a 2.9% surtax on gains above $1 million effective 2025, but all real estate is statutorily exempt, so a Washington resident selling property anywhere owes no Washington tax on the gain. Residents of these states face only the property state's tax plus federal, a meaningful structural advantage for multi-property portfolios.

Understanding your non-resident capital gains tax obligations before closing is not optional. Fifteen states require withholding at closing regardless of your actual liability, and missing that requirement creates compliance problems that outlast the transaction.

The Full Federal Tax Stack on Out-of-State Investment Property

The headline long-term capital gains rate of 15% or 20% is not the number that matters. The number that matters is your combined federal effective rate after layering in the Net Investment Income Tax and depreciation recapture. Federal treatment is identical whichever state the property sits in.

For 2026, per Revenue Procedure 2025-32, the 0% long-term capital gains rate applies up to $98,900 of taxable income for married filing jointly ($49,450 single), the 15% rate up to $613,700 ($545,500 single), and the 20% rate above those thresholds. Most FatFIRE-level sellers land in the 20% bracket, because a large gain pushes taxable income past the breakpoint even in an otherwise low-income year.

The IRS then adds the 3.8% Net Investment Income Tax under IRC Section 1411 on the lesser of net investment income or the amount by which modified adjusted gross income exceeds $250,000 for married filers ($200,000 single). Those thresholds are statutory and have never been indexed for inflation. On a $2M gain, the threshold is crossed immediately, so the effective federal rate on the long-term portion is 23.8% before depreciation recapture enters the calculation.

Depreciation recapture is where the math gets worse. Under IRS Publication 544, unrecaptured Section 1250 gain (the accumulated straight-line depreciation on real property) is taxed at a maximum federal rate of 25%, separate from the standard long-term capital gains rate. IRS Publication 946 requires residential rental property to be depreciated over 27.5 years using the straight-line method, and all accumulated depreciation is subject to recapture on sale regardless of which state the property is located in. Recapture is also net investment income, so the 3.8% NIIT applies to it as well.

Worked example: A married couple sells a rental property purchased for $800,000 in 2016 for $2.8M in 2026. Accumulated depreciation over 10 years on a $700,000 depreciable basis (land excluded) at 27.5-year straight-line: approximately $254,545. Adjusted basis is $545,455, so total gain is $2,254,545. Their federal stack:

That is a 24.4% effective federal rate on the total gain, before a single dollar of state tax. Add California's top rate of 13.3% and the combined bill approaches 37%.

Capital Gains Tax Rates for Nonresident Property Sellers: State-by-State

State tax treatment of nonresident real estate gains varies substantially. California taxes capital gains as ordinary income at rates up to 13.3% (a 12.3% top bracket plus the 1% mental health services tax on taxable income over $1 million), applied to all real property in the state regardless of the seller's residency. New York's top rate is 10.9%; New York City's local income tax does not apply to nonresidents. Hawaii is a pleasant surprise: its top ordinary rate is 11%, but individuals can elect an alternative tax on net long-term capital gains capped at 7.25% under HRS Section 235-51, which is why Hawaii's withholding rate is exactly that number.

The table below covers states with significant transaction volume and the top rates nonresident sellers face on 2026 sales, per the Tax Foundation's 2026 state individual income tax data and the state sources linked throughout this article.

For capital gains tax on non-primary residences, the primary residence exclusion under IRS Publication 523 ($250,000 single, $500,000 married filing jointly) does not apply. Investment properties, vacation homes, and rentals receive no federal exclusion, and most states follow the same rule.

Which States Require Withholding When a Nonresident Sells Real Estate

Fifteen states require the buyer, escrow agent, or closing attorney to withhold part of a nonresident seller's proceeds at closing as a prepayment of income tax. The withholding is not the tax itself; it is a deposit, reconciled on the state's nonresident return. But several states calculate it on the gross sale price rather than the gain, so the state can hold dramatically more than you owe.

Three patterns matter here. First, the gross-price states (California by default, Hawaii, Maryland, Vermont, Maine) can withhold multiples of your actual liability on a low-gain sale; each offers a pre-closing waiver or reduction process, and each process has a deadline measured in weeks. Second, the gain-based states (Delaware, New York, New Jersey above the 2% floor, South Carolina with affidavit) require you to compute and certify the gain before closing, so basis records must be assembled before escrow, not at tax time. Third, several states with real income taxes, including Arizona, Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Illinois, require no closing withholding at all; the nonresident return obligation still applies, it just is not enforced at the settlement table.

South Carolina deserves a specific flag because most secondary sources still publish the old 7% figure. The current I-290 ties the individual rate to the state's top marginal rate, and H.4216, signed March 30, 2026, set 2026 rates at 1.99% on income under $30,000 and 5.21% above it, so a 2026 sale withholds at 5.21%.

How California's Withholding Requirement Creates a Cash Flow Problem

California's mandatory nonresident withholding catches high-net-worth sellers off guard more than almost any other state-specific requirement, in both directions. The Franchise Tax Board requires withholding at 3 1/3% of the gross sale price at close of escrow, unless the seller elects the alternative calculation of 12.3% of the actual gain on Form 593.

On a $2M California sale with a small gain, the default is brutal. Say you bought at $1.8M and your gain is $200,000: the default withholding is $66,600, while your actual California tax is in the neighborhood of $20,000. The state holds the difference until you file the nonresident return (Form 540NR) and claim the refund, a process that takes months. The fix is the Optional Gain on Sale election on Form 593, which computes withholding as 12.3% of the certified gain instead, or a full exemption if the sale qualifies (price of $100,000 or less, IRC Section 121 principal residence, a loss or zero gain, or a qualifying 1031 exchange).

For large-gain sales, the trap runs the other way. On a $3.2M sale with a $2M gain, the default 3 1/3% withholds $106,560, but the actual California tax is roughly double that. The balance lands with your return, with underpayment penalties possible if you treated the withholding as full payment. Either way, the decision must be made before closing: the escrow officer applies the default unless the seller completes the election or certifies an exemption, and the FTB does not recharacterize withholding after the fact.

Worked Example: A $2M Gain for a Florida Resident, in California vs Texas vs Hawaii

The same economic transaction produces three very different tax bills depending on one variable: which state the property sits in. Assume a married Florida couple sells an investment property for $3.2M with a $1.2M adjusted basis, producing a $2M fully long-term gain (depreciation recapture set aside to isolate the state effect). Their other income already exceeds the $613,700 breakpoint, so the entire gain is taxed federally at 20% plus the 3.8% NIIT: $476,000, identical in all three scenarios. Florida adds nothing in any scenario.

The California figure runs the $2M gain through California's nonresident computation: the gain fills the brackets up to 12.3% and triggers roughly $10,000 of mental health services tax on the portion above $1 million, landing near an 11% effective state rate. Note the two withholding stories. California's default takes $106,560 at closing against a real bill around $220,000; the seller writes a six-figure check in April. Hawaii's HARPTA takes $232,000 at closing against an actual liability of about $145,000, because the 7.25% alternative capital gains rate applies to the gain while the withholding applies to the whole price; the seller recovers roughly $87,000 via Form N-288C or the annual nonresident return.

The spread between best and worst case is $220,000 on identical economics. That number is why the state layer, not the federal layer, is where out-of-state sale planning actually happens.

Does Your Home State Tax the Gain Anyway: The Resident Credit Walkthrough

Yes, if your home state has an income tax, it taxes the gain on your out-of-state property sale. Residents are taxed on worldwide income, including real estate gains sourced to other states. The relief mechanism is the resident credit for taxes paid to another state, and its arithmetic determines your true combined rate.

The mechanics run in a fixed order: the property state taxes the gain on your nonresident return, your home state includes the same gain on the resident return, and your home state then grants a credit equal to the lesser of the tax actually paid to the property state or its own tax on that slice of income. The net effect: you pay the higher of the two states' effective rates, split between two tax agencies.

Walk through both directions with a $500,000 gain:

• Low-rate property state, high-rate home state. A Minnesota resident sells an Arizona rental. Arizona taxes the gain at its 2.5% flat rate: $12,500. Minnesota taxes it at up to 9.85%: $49,250. The credit wipes out the Arizona portion and Minnesota collects the $36,750 difference. Total: $49,250, exactly what a Minnesota-located sale would have cost.
• High-rate property state, low-rate home state. Flip it: an Arizona resident sells a Minnesota rental. Minnesota collects $49,250. Arizona's own tax on the gain is $12,500, and the credit is capped there, reducing Arizona's take to zero. The excess paid to Minnesota is not refunded anywhere. Total: $49,250 again.
• No-income-tax home state. A Florida or Texas resident has no home-state layer, so the property state's tax is final. This is the only configuration where owning in low-tax states drops the state bill to zero.
• The worst configuration is the reverse: a California resident selling a Texas rental owes California up to 13.3% on the full gain, with no credit because there is no Texas tax to credit.

Two mechanical footnotes. A handful of state pairs run the credit backwards: California maintains reverse credit arrangements with Arizona, Guam, Oregon, and Virginia, under which the credit is claimed on the nonresident return rather than the resident one, per the FTB's Schedule S instructions. And credits leak when the two states define the income differently, as when the property state taxes the full gain but the home state allows a partial exclusion (South Carolina's 44% long-term gain deduction, for example). Definition mismatches routinely cost sellers a few points.

How Depreciation Recapture Affects Capital Gains Tax on Out-of-State Rental Property

Depreciation recapture is the tax issue most commonly underestimated by sellers of rental properties. Every year you owned and depreciated a rental, you reduced ordinary taxable income. When you sell, the IRS recaptures that benefit at up to 25% on the accumulated straight-line depreciation as unrecaptured Section 1250 gain, separate from the capital gains rate on the remaining appreciation, per Publication 544.

The recapture applies whether or not you actually claimed the deductions. If you were entitled to depreciate and did not, the IRS computes recapture on the depreciation "allowed or allowable." This is a common and expensive surprise for sellers who inherited rentals or acquired them through 1031 exchanges without tracking the depreciation history.

For vacation homes converted to rentals, the depreciation clock starts when the property was placed in service as a rental, not at purchase. Rent a beach house for five years before selling and you have five years of recapture.

The state layer follows the property. States have no separate recapture regime; the recapture portion is simply part of the gain sourced to the property state, taxed at that state's rates, then run through your home state's credit calculation like the rest of the gain. In Oregon at 9.9%, the combined rate on the recapture slice (25% + 3.8% NIIT + 9.9%) approaches 39%. That single number is why installment sales and 1031 exchanges are worth modeling before any large disposition, with the caveat that installment treatment does not defer recapture at all.

Can a 1031 Exchange Defer Capital Gains Tax on Property Sold Out of State

A properly structured Section 1031 like-kind exchange defers federal capital gains tax, depreciation recapture, and NIIT, and in nearly all states the state tax too, by reinvesting proceeds into qualifying replacement real estate. The identification window is 45 days from closing and the exchange must complete within 180 days. State lines are irrelevant to the federal rules: exchanging a Georgia rental into an Idaho rental qualifies the same as an in-state swap. On the $2M gain modeled above, a full exchange preserves the entire $476,000 federal layer plus the state layer for reinvestment. The withholding rules mostly cooperate: California's Form 593 exempts qualifying exchanges, South Carolina's I-295 affidavit covers full deferrals, and other withholding states have parallel certifications; a partially deferred exchange withholds on the boot.

California's treatment of outbound exchanges is the specific, underappreciated risk. California requires taxpayers who exchange California property for out-of-state replacement property to file Form FTB 3840, an annual information return tracking the deferred California-source gain, every year until the gain is recognized. When the replacement property is eventually sold in a taxable transaction, California taxes the deferred gain even if you have not set foot in the state for fifteen years. Skip the annual filing and the FTB can assess the deferred gain immediately, with penalties and interest.

For calculating gains across multiple prior exchanges, basis tracking compounds. Each exchange carries the old basis forward, so a property exchanged three times can carry a near-zero basis and a career's worth of embedded gain into its final sale.

The 1031-Then-Move Scenario: Exchanging Out of a State and Changing Residency

The combination play, exchanging out of a high-tax state and later moving to a no-tax state, defers everything but permanently escapes less than sellers assume. How much survives the move depends entirely on which state the original property was in.

Run the sequence: a California resident owns a California rental with a $1.5M embedded gain. Step one, they exchange it for a Nashville rental under Section 1031: no federal or California tax, but Form 3840 filings begin. Step two, they move to Tennessee and establish genuine residency: no tax on the move. Step three, years later, they sell the Nashville property outright. Federal tax is due on the full deferred gain. Tennessee collects nothing. And California taxes the $1.5M of California-source deferred gain, at California rates, from a person who is no longer a California resident, because the gain's source was fixed when the original property sold. The clawback is not a residency rule; it is a sourcing rule.

Run the same sequence starting with a Texas or Nevada property and there is no source-state claim to begin with, so the eventual sale after the move faces federal tax only. The exit state, not the landing state, determines what chases you.

Three planning implications follow. First, dying with the replacement property still works: the stepped-up basis under IRC Section 1014 eliminates the deferred federal gain, and California's claim dies with it. Second, exchanging indefinitely ("swap till you drop") keeps the deferral alive through any number of moves, at the cost of perpetual Form 3840 compliance. Third, the strategy ranks states for acquisition: gain built in no-tax and low-tax states keeps exchange-and-move flexibility clean, while every dollar of gain built inside California stays tethered to it until recognized or stepped up.

Installment Sales: An Underused Strategy for Large Out-of-State Property Gains

For sellers who do not want replacement property but also do not want to absorb a $500,000+ tax bill in one year, installment sales under IRC Section 453 offer legitimate rate reduction and deferral. The seller finances the sale, receives payments over years, and reports gain proportionally as payments arrive, per IRS Publication 537.

The rate arbitrage comes from the 2026 brackets: by keeping annually recognized gain below the 20% breakpoint ($613,700 married filing jointly) and managing the $250,000 NIIT threshold, a seller converts 23.8% federal treatment toward 15%. On a $2M gain spread over seven years at roughly $285,000 per year, a couple with modest other income keeps each year's gain inside the 15% bracket. The difference between 15% and 23.8% on $2M is $176,000 of federal tax.

The tradeoffs are real. The seller carries the buyer's credit risk for years. Interest must be charged at the applicable federal rate. Depreciation recapture is recognized in full in the year of sale regardless of the payment schedule, which eliminates the deferral on that portion. Several withholding states (California among them, via Form 593's installment procedures) withhold on each principal payment, and the property state taxes each year's recognized gain, with nonresident returns due every year of the note.

Installment sales work best when the buyer is creditworthy, the recapture portion is small relative to the total gain, and the seller values rate reduction over immediate liquidity. Model them side by side with a 1031 exchange for any disposition above $1M of gain.

Does Changing State Residency Before the Sale Reduce Capital Gains Tax

Residency change is a legitimate strategy, but its effect on out-of-state property gains is more limited than most sellers expect.

Real property gains are sourced to the property's location, and that state taxes the gain no matter where you live. Moving from California to Nevada before selling a California rental does not touch California's claim. What the move eliminates is the home-state layer: a California resident selling Nevada property owes California tax on the gain; a Nevada resident selling the same property owes nothing at the state level. So the move works when your gains sit in low-tax or no-tax states and your residence is the high-tax jurisdiction. It does nothing when the gain sits in the high-tax state itself; for that configuration, the 1031-then-move sequence above is the relevant play, with its clawback limits.

The change must be genuine and defensible. California audits high-net-worth domicile changes aggressively, especially ones executed shortly before a large income event. Driver's license, voter registration, day counts, the location of your home, physicians, and business ties all matter. A change executed 12 to 18 months before the sale with consistent documentation is substantially more defensible than one executed 60 days before closing. On a $2M gain, the difference between a sustained and a busted domicile change can exceed $260,000.

How the Section 121 Exclusion Works on a Former Primary Residence in Another State

If the out-of-state property you are selling was once your primary residence, the Section 121 exclusion can shelter up to $250,000 of gain ($500,000 married filing jointly) provided you owned and used the home as your principal residence for at least two of the five years before the sale, per IRS Publication 523. The exclusion follows you, not your current state: a Texas resident selling the Denver house they lived in until three years ago still qualifies.

Three limits bite hard on converted properties. First, the two-of-five-year window means the exclusion evaporates three years after you move out; sell in year four of renting it and the entire gain is taxable. Second, depreciation claimed after May 6, 1997 is never excludable and comes back as unrecaptured Section 1250 gain. Third, the nonqualified use rule carves out gain allocated to post-2008 periods when the home was not your principal residence before you moved in: buy a rental in 2018, convert it to your residence in 2024, and only a fraction of the gain qualifies even after two full years of occupancy.

States nearly universally piggyback on the federal exclusion because state returns start from federal adjusted gross income; excluded gain never enters the state calculation. The withholding regimes respect it too: California's Form 593, New Jersey's GIT/REP-3, New York's IT-2663, South Carolina's I-295, and their counterparts all let a qualifying seller certify the principal residence exemption and close without withholding. Gain above the exclusion cap is still taxed and may still trigger gross-price withholding, exactly the situation the pre-closing waiver processes exist for. Sellers straddling the two-of-five deadline should price the exclusion into sale timing: on a $500,000 exclusion at combined rates near 30%, closing a quarter late can cost $150,000.

Reporting Requirements: Federal and State Filing Obligations

All capital asset sales, including real estate, are reported on Form 8949 and Schedule D: acquisition date, sale date, proceeds, basis, and adjustments on Form 8949, aggregated and rate-matched on Schedule D. Unrecaptured Section 1250 gain runs through the worksheet in the Schedule D instructions.

The holding period distinction matters more than most sellers realize. Short-term gains (held one year or less) are taxed as ordinary income, up to 37% federally in 2026. Long-term gains get 0%, 15%, or 20%. On a $1M gain in the top bracket, the difference between short-term and long-term treatment is roughly $170,000.

State filings are non-negotiable and plural. The property state requires a nonresident return reporting the gain and reconciling any withholding to actual tax; skip it and the withheld amount is forfeited or the unpaid tax compounds with penalties. Your home state requires the same gain on the resident return with the credit computation attached, usually with a copy of the other state's return. Multi-year structures multiply filings: installment notes generate nonresident returns every year payments arrive, and California's Form 3840 runs annually until an exchanged gain is recognized.

For co-owned properties, each owner reports their proportionate share, and co-owners in different states face different combined outcomes on identical shares. Withholding states like South Carolina and Georgia apply withholding per-owner, to nonresident owners only.

Keep the paper indefinitely: purchase agreement, closing disclosures on both ends, every improvement receipt, every year's depreciation schedule. The IRS audit window is three years, extending to six when income is understated by more than 25%, and state clocks generally do not start until a return is actually filed.

Tax-Efficient Alternatives to an Outright Sale

An outright sale is not always the most efficient exit for appreciated real estate. Four alternatives deserve analysis before closing.

Charitable Remainder Trusts. Contributing appreciated property to a CRT lets the trust sell without immediate gain recognition; the seller takes an income stream, a partial deduction, and estate removal, trading irrevocability and the remainder to charity.

Qualified Opportunity Funds. Gains reinvested in a Qualified Opportunity Fund within 180 days can be deferred. The original program's deferral window closes December 31, 2026, when gains deferred under the old rules become taxable; the 2025 tax law made the program permanent, with a five-year rolling deferral and basis step-ups for investments made after December 31, 2026. Sellers weighing an OZ exit in 2026 sit exactly on that seam and should model the timing with an advisor. Unlike a 1031, an OZ investment shelters only the gain, freeing basis for other use, and it works for sellers exiting real estate entirely.

Holding until death. The stepped-up basis rules under IRC Section 1014 give heirs a basis equal to fair market value at death, eliminating the embedded gain, federal and state, including California's Form 3840-tracked deferrals. On $2M of unrealized gain, the step-up is worth roughly $700,000 at combined top rates. Gifting strategies point the opposite direction: gifted property carries your basis to the donee, so gifting suits income shifting, not gain elimination.

Installment sales to family. Selling to a family trust or member at the applicable federal rate spreads recognition while keeping the economics in the family, subject to IRC Section 453(e), which accelerates the gain if the related buyer resells within two years.

The right structure depends on liquidity needs, estate objectives, charitable intent, and timeline. None should be selected without modeling the after-tax outcome against a straight sale.

Practical Steps Before Closing an Out-of-State Property Sale

Tax planning for an out-of-state sale should begin at least six months before the anticipated closing. Decisions made in that window determine the outcome; decisions made after closing do not.

Step 1: Reconstruct the full cost basis. Pull the original closing disclosure, every improvement receipt, and the depreciation schedule for each year in service. Basis errors are the most common and most expensive mistakes in real estate tax reporting, and gain-based withholding states require the number before escrow closes.

Step 2: Model the full stack. Federal capital gains at 15% or 20%, NIIT at 3.8%, recapture at 25%, the property state's tax, the home state's tax, and the resident credit netting. This is your baseline number.

Step 3: Compare structures. Run outright sale, 1031 exchange, and installment sale side by side, including the time value of deferral, reinvestment assumptions, recapture timing, and eventual exit tax. Above $1M of gain, add the CRT and OZ variants.

Step 4: Handle withholding before escrow. If the property sits in any of the fifteen withholding states, determine the estimated actual liability and file the waiver, reduction, or gain-based election in time: Maryland's MW506AE and West Virginia's NRAE need 21 days, Maine's REW-5 needs five business days, Hawaii's N-288B and Vermont's commissioner's certificate need real lead time.

Step 5: Map every filing. List each required return, form, and deadline in both states, including annual obligations that outlive the sale (installment-year returns, Form 3840). Some states' nonresident deadlines differ from the federal calendar.

For state-specific frameworks like Vermont's capital gains rules, confirm current rates and procedures with a state-licensed professional before relying on any general reference, this article included. Both Maryland and South Carolina changed their withholding rates for 2025-2026 sales, and the stakes on a seven-figure transaction are too high for stale numbers.

Sources

• Internal Revenue Service -- "Revenue Procedure 2025-32: 2026 Inflation Adjustments" (2025)
• Internal Revenue Service -- "Net Investment Income Tax"
• Internal Revenue Service -- "Topic No. 409: Capital Gains and Losses"
• Internal Revenue Service -- "Publication 523: Selling Your Home"
• Internal Revenue Service -- "Publication 544: Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets"
• Internal Revenue Service -- "Publication 537: Installment Sales"
• Internal Revenue Service -- "Publication 946: How to Depreciate Property"
• Internal Revenue Service -- "Like-Kind Exchanges: Real Estate Tax Tips"
• Internal Revenue Service -- "Opportunity Zones"
• Internal Revenue Service -- "About Schedule D (Form 1040)"
• California Franchise Tax Board -- "2026 Instructions for Form 593, Real Estate Withholding Statement"
• California Franchise Tax Board -- "Instructions for Form FTB 3840, California Like-Kind Exchanges"
• California Franchise Tax Board -- "Instructions for Schedule S, Other State Tax Credit"
• Washington Department of Revenue -- "Capital Gains Tax"
• Hawaii Department of Taxation -- "HARPTA: Withholding Tax on Sales of Hawaii Real Property by Nonresident Persons"
• Comptroller of Maryland -- "Tax Alert: Rate Change to Withholding on Sale of Real Property by a Nonresident" (2026)
• South Carolina Department of Revenue -- "Form I-290, Nonresident Real Estate Withholding" and "Information About H. 4216"
• Georgia Department of Revenue -- "Withholding Requirements for Sales or Transfers of Real Property by Nonresidents"
• Colorado Department of Revenue -- "DR 1083: Conveyance of a Colorado Real Property Interest"
• New Jersey Division of Taxation -- "TB-57(R): Estimated Gross Income Tax Payment Requirements on Sales of New Jersey Real Property by Nonresidents" (rev. June 2026)
• New York Department of Taxation and Finance -- "Instructions for Form IT-2663 (2026)"
• Oregon Department of Revenue -- "Form OR-18-WC Instructions" (2025)
• Vermont Department of Taxes -- "Real Estate Withholding"
• Rhode Island Division of Taxation -- "Nonresident Real Estate Withholding Forms"
• Maine Revenue Services -- "Real Estate Withholding (REW)"
• West Virginia Tax Division -- "Form WV/NRSR, Return of Income Tax Withholding for Nonresident Sale of Real Property"
• Alabama Department of Revenue -- "Withholding Requirement on Sales/Transfers of Real Property by Nonresidents"
• Delaware Division of Revenue -- "Form 5403 Instructions, Real Estate Tax Return: Declaration of Estimated Income Tax"
• Minnesota Department of Revenue -- "Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT)"
• New Hampshire Department of Revenue Administration -- "Repeal of NH Interest and Dividends Tax Now in Effect"
• Tax Foundation -- "2026 State Income Tax Rates and Brackets"